Kuki imashini nyinshi zicukura amabuye y'agaciro zihitamo imiyoboro izunguruka aho guhitamo imiyoboro izunguruka?

Nk'igice cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi mu bicuruzwa bya mekanike, imiyoboro ifite uruhare runini mu gushyigikira imiyoboro izenguruka. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye y'imiyoboro, imiyoboro igabanyijemo imiyoboro izunguruka (izwi nka imiyoboro izunguruka) n'imiyoboro izunguruka (izwi nka imiyoboro izunguruka). Ubwoko bubiri bw'imiyoboro bufite imiterere yabwo, kandi buri imwe ifite ibyiza byayo n'ibibi byayo mu mikorere.

Kugereranya imiyoboro izunguruka n'iy'imigozi isanzwe

1. Kugereranya imiterere n'uburyo bwo kugenda

Itandukaniro rigaragara cyane hagati y'ingufu zizunguruka naimiyoboro isanzweni ukubaho cyangwa kubura kw'ibintu bizunguruka.

Amabati yo kuzunguruka afite ibintu bizunguruka (imipira, imigozi y'uruziga, imigozi irambuye, imigozi y'inshinge) yishingikiriza ku kuzunguruka kwayo kugira ngo ishyigikire umugozi uzenguruka, bityo igice cyo kuzunguruka kiba ingingo imwe, kandi uko ibintu bizunguruka byinshi, ni ko ingingo zo kuzunguruka ziba nyinshi.

Amabereyo asanzwenta bintu bizunguruka bifite kandi byishingikiriza ku buso bworoshye kugira ngo bishyigikire umugozi uzenguruka, bityo igice cyo guhuza ni ubuso.

 

Itandukaniro riri mu miterere y’ibi byombi rigena ko uburyo bwo kugenda bw’icyuma gitembera burimo kugenda, n’uburyo bwo kugenda bw’icyuma gitembera burimo kugenda, bityo imiterere y’ubushyuhe ikaba itandukanye rwose.

 

2. Kugereranya ubushobozi bwo gutwara

Muri rusange, bitewe n'ubunini bw'aho icyuma gitembera giherereye, ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gutwara ibintu muri rusange buri hejuru y'ubwo icyuma gitembera gitembera, kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gutwara ibintu muri rusange bwo kwihanganira umutwaro w'ingaruka ntabwo buri hejuru, ariko icyuma gitembera gikozwe mu mazi yose gishobora kwihanganira umutwaro mwinshi w'ingaruka bitewe n'uruhare rwo gukaraba no gukurura umwuka bitewe n'amavuta akoreshwa mu gusiga. Iyo umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka uri hejuru, imbaraga za centrifugal z'ibintu bitembera mu cyuma gitembera ziyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gutwara ibintu buragabanuka (urusaku rushobora kubaho ku muvuduko mwinshi). Ku bijyanye n'ibyuma bitembera bidafite imbaraga, ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gutwara ibintu buriyongera uko umuvuduko uri hejuru.

 

3. Kugereranya igipimo cyo gukururana n'uburyo bwo gutangira gukururana

Mu mikorere isanzwe, igipimo cyo kugongana cya bearingers zizunguruka kiri hasi ugereranyije n'igipimo cyo kugongana, kandi agaciro kabyo karahamye kurushaho. Gushyira amavuta mu mabearings azunguruka byoroshye kugirwaho ingaruka n'ibintu byo hanze nko kwihuta no guhindagura, kandi igipimo cyo kugongana kiratandukanye cyane.

 

Mu gutangira, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu buruta ubw’icyuma gizunguruka kuko icyuma gizunguruka kiba kitarakora icyuma gifunganye cy’amavuta, ariko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bitangira hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bizunguruka by’icyuma gizunguruka cy’amazi ni bike cyane.

 

4. Kugereranya umuvuduko ukwiye wo gukora

Bitewe n'uko imbaraga za centrifugal z'ikintu gizunguruka zigabanuka ndetse n'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gizunguruka buzamuka, umuvuduko w'icyuma gizunguruka ntushobora kuba munini cyane, kandi muri rusange ukwiriye imikorere y'umuvuduko uringaniye n'uwo hasi. Ibyuma bidafite amavuta yuzuye bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'ubusaze bw'icyuma gizunguruka, umuvuduko wo gukora ntugomba kuba munini cyane. Umuvuduko wo hejuru w'ibyuma bizunguruka byuzuye ni mwiza cyane, cyane cyane iyo ibyuma bizunguruka bya hydrostatic bisizwe umwuka, kandi umuvuduko wabyo wo kuzenguruka ushobora kugera ku 100.000 r / min.

 

5. Kugereranya ibura ry'amashanyarazi

Bitewe n'uko ingufu za "friction coefficient" nkeya za "rolling bearings", ubusanzwe ingufu zabo ntiziba nini, zikaba ziri munsi y'iza "liquid lubricated bearings" zitarashyirwamo amavuta, ariko ziyongera cyane iyo zishyizwemo amavuta kandi zigashyirwamo neza. Ingufu za "frictional" za "liquid-lubricated bearings" ni nke, ariko kuri "hydrostatic plain bearings", ingufu zose zishobora kuba nyinshi kuruta iza "hydrostatic plain bearings" bitewe n'ibura ry'ingufu za pompe y'amavuta.

 

6. Kugereranya ubuzima bwa serivisi

Bitewe n’ingaruka z’ibintu bivamo n’umunaniro, imiyoboro izunguruka muri rusange ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 5-10, cyangwa igasimburwa mu gihe cyo kuvugurura. Imiyoboro y’imiyoboro ituzuye irimo amavuta irashaje cyane kandi igomba gusimburwa buri gihe. Ubuzima bw’imiyoboro yuzuye irimo amavuta ntabwo bugira aho bugarukira, ariko mu by’ukuri, umunaniro w’imiyoboro ushobora guterwa no gusimbuka kw’imiyoboro, cyane cyane iyo imiyoboro isanzwe ihindagurika.

 

7. Kugereranya uburyo bwo kuzenguruka neza

Muri rusange, ibyuma bizunguruka bifite ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka cyane bitewe n'aho biherereye gato. Ibyuma bidafite ubushobozi bwo kuzunguruka neza biba biri mu buryo bwo kuzunguruka cyangwa bivanze, kandi imikorere yabyo ntabwo ihamye, kandi ubusaza ni bwinshi, kandi uburyohe ni buke. Bitewe n'uko hari agapira k'amavuta, ibyuma bizunguruka neza kandi bikinjiza umwuka uhindagurika neza. Ibyuma bizunguruka bifite ubushobozi bwo kuzunguruka neza cyane.

 

8. Kugereranya ibindi bintu

Amavuta yo gutwikira akoresha amavuta, amavuta cyangwa amavuta akomeye, ingano ni nto cyane, ingano ni nini ku muvuduko mwinshi, isuku y'amavuta irakenewe kuba nyinshi, bityo irasabwa gufungwa, ariko icyuma cyo gutwikira biroroshye gusimbuza, kandi muri rusange ntabwo gikeneye gusana icyuma cyo gutwikira. Ku mavuta asanzwe, uretse ibyuma byo gutwika byuzuye, amavuta muri rusange ni amazi cyangwa gaze, ingano ni nini cyane, ibisabwa ku isuku y'amavuta nabyo ni byinshi cyane, udupapuro two gutwikira tugomba gusimburwa kenshi, kandi rimwe na rimwe icyuma cyo gutwikira kirasanwa.

 

Guhitamo imiyoboro izunguruka n'imiyoboro isanzwe

Bitewe n'imiterere y'akazi igoye kandi itandukanye, nta gipimo ngenderwaho gihuriweho cyo guhitamo ibyuma bizunguruka n'ibyuma bizunguruka. Bitewe n'uburyo ibyuma bizunguruka bito, ubushobozi buke bwo gutangira, ubushobozi bwo kumva, imikorere myiza, no gupima ibintu, ibyuma bizunguruka bifite ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya no gukoresha ibintu byinshi, kandi byoroshye gukoresha, gushyira amavuta no kubungabunga, kandi muri rusange bihabwa umwanya wa mbere mu guhitamo, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mu mashini rusange. ibyuma bizunguruka ubwabyo bifite ibyiza bimwe na bimwe byihariye, bikunze gukoreshwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe aho ibyuma bizunguruka bidashobora gukoreshwa, bitari byiza cyangwa bidafite ibyiza, nko mu bihe bikurikira:

 

1. Ingano y'umwanya wa radial ni nto, cyangwa se ishyirwamo rigomba kugabanywamo

Bitewe n'impeta y'imbere, impeta y'inyuma, ikintu cyo kuzingira n'akazu biri mu nyubako, ingano ya radial y'icyuma cyo kuzingira ni nini, kandi ikoreshwa ryayo ni rito ku rugero runaka. Ibyuma byo kuzingira urushinge biraboneka iyo ingano ya radial ari nziza, kandi nibiba ngombwa, hakenewe ibyuma byo kuzingira urushinge. Ku bice bitoroshye kugira ibyuma byo kuzingira urushinge, cyangwa bidashobora gushyirwa mu cyerekezo cy'umurongo, cyangwa aho ibice bigomba kugabanywamo ibice, hakoreshwa ibyuma byo kuzingira urushinge.

 

2. Ibihe byiza cyane

Iyo icyuma gikoreshwa gifite ibisabwa ku buryo buhanitse, icyuma gikoreshwa mu gusimbuka gikunze gutoranywa, kuko icyuma gisiga amavuta cya icyuma gikoreshwa mu gusimbuka gishobora gutuma icyuma gifata neza, kandi iyo uburyo buhanitse cyane, icyuma gikoreshwa mu gusimbuka gikoreshwa mu gusimbuka gusa ni cyo gishobora gutoranywa. Ku mashini zisya neza kandi zikora neza, ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa neza, nibindi, icyuma gikoreshwa mu gusimbuka kirakoreshwa cyane.

 

3. Ingendo zo kuremererwa cyane

Ibyuma bizunguruka, byaba ari ibyuma bizunguruka cyangwa ibyuma bizunguruka, bikunze kugira ubushyuhe n'umunaniro mu bihe bikomeye. Kubwibyo, iyo umutwaro ari munini, ibyuma bizunguruka bikunze gukoreshwa, nk'ibyuma bizunguruka, turbine z'umwuka, ibikoresho bya moteri y'ikirere n'imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro.

 

4. Ibindi bihe

Urugero, umuvuduko wo gukora uri hejuru cyane, gutigita no kunyeganyega ni binini cyane, kandi kuba ukeneye gukora mu mazi cyangwa mu byuma bihumanya, nibindi, imiyoboro igenda ihindagurika nabyo bishobora gutoranywa neza.

 

Ku bwoko bw'imashini n'ibikoresho, ikoreshwa rya za bearing rollers na sliding bearing, buri imwe ifite ibyiza n'ibibi byayo, kandi igomba gutoranywa neza hamwe n'umushinga nyirizina. Mu bihe byashize, za crushers nini n'iziciriritse muri rusange zakoreshaga sliding bearing casted na babbitt, kuko zashoboraga kwihanganira imitwaro minini, kandi zari zidashobora kwangirika kandi zihamye. Imashini nto ikoresha cyane cyane za bearing rollers, ifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubutumwa, yoroshye kuyifata neza kandi yoroshye kuyibungabunga. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'urwego rwa tekiniki mu gukora za bearing rollers, inyinshi muri za bearing nini zikoreshwa no muri za bearing rollers.