amakuru

Igikoresho cy'umwuka gitera umwuka ni iki?

 

Igipimo cy'imodoka, Ndizera ko buri wese azaba azi, icyuma cyacu gikoreshwa cyane cyo gupfunyika gikwiye kuba cyo kizwi cyane, ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'imashini n'ibikoresho bigezweho. None se icyuma gipfunyika umwuka ni iki?

 

Uburyo bwo gutwara gazi: Ifuru isanzwe ikoresha gaze nk'amavuta. Amavuta akoreshwa cyane ni umwuka, ariko azote, argon, hidrojeni, heliyumu cyangwa dioxyde de carbone na byo bishobora gukoreshwa uko bikenewe.

 

Mu byuma bikoresha umwuka, ibinini binini n'ibice bikoresha umwuka, icyo cyuma gikoreshwa gikunze gukoreshwa nk'amavuta yo kwisiga.

 

Ingufu zo mu kirere bivuze icyuma gishyigikira umutwaro hifashishijwe icyuma gishyushya umwuka gikozwe hagati y’ubuso bw’icyuma gishyushya, kandi ubuso bw’icyuma gishyushya butandukanywa burundu n’icyuma gishyushya umwuka iyo gikoze.

 

Udupira tw’umwuka tuba mu dupira tw’amazi turi mu dupira tw’amazi, dushyirwamo amavuta mu gihe dukora, kandi uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta ni umwuka.

 

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibyuma by'umwuka

Dukurikije uburyo icyuma gipima umwuka gitera imbaraga, ibyuma bipima umwuka bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: ibyuma bipima umwuka n'ibyuma bipima umwuka.

 

Agace k'umwuka gashyuha k'ubwikorezi bw'ikirere gakorwa binyuze mu kwinjiza umwuka mu gace gahurira hagati y'ubuso bw'ibirindiro binyerera binyuze mu kugendana kw'ibirindiro binyerera, kandi agace k'umwuka gafite ishusho nk'iy'agace gato. Kubera ko ibirindiro binyerera bidasaba isoko y'umwuka wo hanze, byitwa kandi "ibirindiro byikora".

 

Agace k'umwuka gashyuha k'umwuka utera umwuka ...

 

Ibiranga ikirere gitwara umwuka

(1) Ubudahangarwa bwo kugorana buri hasi cyane

 

Kubera ko ubushyuhe bwa gazi buri hasi cyane ugereranyije n’ubw’amazi, ubushyuhe bw’umwuka mu bushyuhe bw’icyumba ni 1/5000 gusa ugereranyije n’ubw’amavuta ya mashini No. 10, kandi ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bw’umwuka bungana neza n’ubushyuhe, bityo ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bw’umwuka buri hasi ugereranyije n’ubw’ubushyuhe bw’amazi.

 

(2) Imiterere myinshi y'umuvuduko ukenewe

 

Ubudahangarwa bw'umuvuduko w'umwuka ni buke, ubushyuhe burazamuka, kandi ubushyuhe ntiburenga 20 ~ 30 °C iyo umuvuduko uri hejuru ya 50.000 rpm, kandi umuvuduko ukaba uri hejuru ya miliyoni 1.3 rpm. Imivuduko ya hydrostatic ishobora kandi gukoreshwa ku muvuduko muto cyane, ndetse no ku muvuduko wa zeru.

 

(3) Ubushyuhe bwinshi bukenewe

 

Imyuka ikomeza kuba umwuka mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo ntibugira ingaruka cyane ku bushyuhe (ubushyuhe bwiyongera gato iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongera, urugero kuva kuri 20°C kugeza 100°C, ubushyuhe bw'umwuka bwiyongeraho 23%), bityo ubwikorezi bw'imyuka bushobora gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -265°C na 1650°C.

 

(4) Ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ibintu

 

Ubushobozi bwo gutwara bw'icyuma gitwara amazi bungana neza n'ubunini bwacyo, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara bw'icyuma gitwara amazi ni ibihumbi bike gusa by'ingano imwe y'icyuma gitwara amazi. Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwo gukandagira kwa gazi, hari aho ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bw'icyuma gitwara amazi bugarukira, kandi umutwaro kuri buri gice cy'ubutaka ushobora kongerwa gusa ukagera kuri 0.36 MPa.

 

(5) Ibisabwa ku buryo bworoshye bwo gutunganya

 

Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo no gukomera kwa gazi, ubusanzwe hakoreshwa uburebure bw'umugozi (buri munsi ya mm 0.015) bw'umugozi urimo amavuta, kandi uburyo ibice bikoresha gazi bugomba kunozwa hakurikijwe uko bikwiye.

 

Gukoresha ibyuma bitanga umwuka

Ubwikorezi bw'umwuka ni ubwoko bushya bw'ubwikorezi bukoresha ingufu zishoboka zo gukurura umwuka kugira ngo bugire uruhare runini mu gushyigikira.

 

Amavuta yonyine akoreshwa ni umwuka; bityo ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha umwuka ni ryiza cyane ku bikoresho bigomba kuba bidafite umwanda cyangwa ahantu hakorerwa akazi.

 

Mu byuma bikoresha umwuka, imipira isimbuzwa imifuka y'umwuka. Ahari imwe mu mikoreshereze izwi cyane ya feriyo ni ubwubatsi bwo mu kirere.

 

Umufana munini cyane uhuha umwuka munsi y’ubwato bugurumana, ubuza umwuka gusohoka unyuze mu "skirt" ya rabara ikora neza. Umuvuduko mwinshi w’umwuka uturuka munsi y’ubwato bugurumana ushyigikira uburemere bw’ubwato bityo bigatuma bugurumana ku musego w’umwuka.

 

Imikoreshereze y'udupira twa gaze iragenda irushaho kuba myinshi kandi yigwaho cyane. Kuri ubu, udupira twa gaze dushobora gukoreshwa mu mashini zikora imyenda, imashini zikora insinga, ibikoresho by'imashini zikora ibikoresho, gyroscope, ibikoresho byo gutandukanya amashanyarazi byihuta cyane, imashini zikoresha amenyo, firigo zikora ku bushyuhe buri hasi, imashini zikoresha hydrogen expanders n'imashini zikoresha gazi zikora ku bushyuhe bwinshi.