amakuru

Ni iki mu by'ukuri kijyanye n'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu, ibipimo by'ibanze, n'ibipimo bigarukira?

 

In ikirangoguhitamo no gushyiraho, dukunze guhura n'amagambo ya tekiniki "dimensional tolerances," "basic dimensions," na "limit dimensions." Byumvikana cyane nk' "injeniyeri", ariko gusobanukirwa ibi bitekerezo ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere no kwaguraikirangoubuzima.

 

1. Igipimo cy'ibanze ni iki?

 

Igipimo cy'ibanze ni ingano y'igice nk'uko byagaragajwe ku bishushanyo mbonera; gishobora kandi kumvikana nk'igipimo mu "miterere myiza." Urugero, niba umurambararo w'imbere w'icyuma gifata amashusho ari 50mm, iyi 50mm ni yo ngano y'ibanze.

 

Niho hantu ho gutangirira gushushanya;

 

Ariko, mu buryo nyabwo bwo gukora imashini, biragoye kugera ku buziranenge 100%;

 

Bityo rero, "kwihanganirana" n' "ibipimo ntarengwa" birahari.

 

2. Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu mu buryo bungana ni iki?

 

Twese tuzi ko imashini zidashobora kugera ku "buryo busesuye." Ndetse n'ibikoresho bifatika cyane bizagira ikosa runaka. Ingano yemewe y'iri kosa ni ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu mu buryo bungana.

 

Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ingano = Agaciro ko hejuru ko kunyura - Agaciro ko hasi ko kunyura. Igaragaza urwego ntarengwa rwemewe rw'ihindagurika ry'ingano y'igice.

 

Urugero: Ingano y'ibanze y'umwobo ni mm 50, kandi intera yemewe ni +0.02 / -0.01 mm, hanyuma ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira uburebure bwawo ni mm 0.03.

 

Ibyihanganiro ntibitangwa uko umuntu abyishakiye; bishingiye ku bipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu (nka ISO, GB, nibindi). Ingero zitandukanye z'ibyihanganiro zigaragaza ibisabwa bitandukanye by'ubuziranenge.

 

3. Ibipimo ntarengwa ni ibihe?

 

Ingano ntarengwa ni imbibi zo hejuru n'izo hasi z'ingano zibazwe hashingiwe ku "ngano y'ibanze" na "ubwihangane bw'ibipimo."

 

Dukomeje ku rugero rwavuzwe haruguru:

Ingano y'ibanze: 50mm

Ubwihangane: +0.02/-0.01mm

Hanyuma ingano zayo ntarengwa ni izi:

Igipimo ntarengwa ntarengwa = 50 + 0.02 = 50.02mm

Igipimo ntarengwa cy'ingano = 50 - 0.01 = 49.99mm

Mu yandi magambo, igihe cyose ingano nyayo iri hagati ya mm 49.99 na mm 50.02, igice kibarwa (cyujuje ibisabwa/cyemewe).

 

Kuki ibi bipimo ari ingenzi ku miterere y'ingufu?

 

Ibyuma by'ubwikorezi, nk'ibice by'ubwiza buhanitse, bifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bipimo byo gushyiraho. Guhindagurika cyane mu bipimo bishobora gutera ibibazo bikurikira: Gushyiramo ibintu byinshi: Bigira ingaruka ku buryo imikorere ikora neza kandi bigatera guhindagurika; Gufata neza cyane: Byongera gukururana, bigatera gushyuha cyane cyangwa no gufata; Kwangirika vuba: Bigabanya igihe cyo gukora; Gushyiraho bigoranye: Bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza n'ikiguzi cyo guteranya.

 

Kumenya neza ubu bumenyi ntibizagufasha guhitamo imiyoboro ikwiye gusa, ahubwo bizanagufasha kwirinda ingorane zisanzwe zo guteranya, bigatuma imashini ikora neza kandi neza!