Ni ibihe bipimo ngenderwaho bya ANSI, ISO, na ASTM ku bijyanye n'imirongo ngenderwaho?

Amahame ngenderwaho ya tekiniki, nk'amahame ngenderwaho ya ASTM yerekeye imiyoboro y'ibyuma agena uburyo bwo gukoresha mu byuma, afasha abakora ibicuruzwa gukora ibicuruzwa bihoraho.

 

Niba warashatse uburyo bwo gupima ibintu kuri interineti, ushobora kuba warahuye n'ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa bijyanye n'ibipimo bya ANSI, ISO, cyangwa ASTM. Uzi ko ibipimo ari ikimenyetso cy'ubuziranenge - ariko se ni nde wabitekereje, kandi bisobanura iki?

 

Amabwiriza ya tekiniki afasha abakora ibikoresho n'abaguzi. Abakora ibikoresho bayakoresha mu gukora no kugerageza ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa mu buryo buhamye bushoboka. Abaguzi bayakoresha kugira ngo barebe ko babona ubwiza, imiterere, n'imikorere basabye.

 

AMABWIRIZA YA ANSI

Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge cya Amerika, cyangwa ANSI, gifite icyicaro gikuru i Washington, DC. Abanyamuryango bacyo barimo inzego mpuzamahanga, inzego za leta, imiryango, n’abantu ku giti cyabo. Cyashinzwe mu 1918 nk’Akanama k’Ubugenzuzi bw’Ubuhanga bwa Amerika ubwo abagize ishyirahamwe ry’ubwubatsi ry’Ubumwe n’amashami ya leta ya Amerika y’intambara, ay’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi n’ay’ubucuruzi bahuriraga hamwe kugira ngo bashyireho umuryango w’ubugenzuzi.

ANSI ntabwo ishyiraho amahame ngenderwaho ya tekiniki ubwayo. Ahubwo, igenzura amahame ngenderwaho ya Amerika ikayahuza n’ayo mpuzamahanga. Yemeza amahame ngenderwaho y’andi mashyirahamwe, igenzura ko buri wese mu nganda yemeranya ku buryo amahame ngenderwaho agira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa n’imikorere yabo. ANSI yemeza gusa amahame ibona ko ari ay’ukuri kandi afunguye bihagije.

ANSI yafashije mu gushinga Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Bipimo (ISO). Ni wo uhagarariye Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika muri ISO.

ANSI ifite ibipimo amagana menshi bifitanye isano no gutwara umupira.

 

AMABWIRIZA YA ISO

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubuziranenge (ISO) ufite icyicaro mu Busuwisi usobanura amahame yawo nk’ “uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ikintu.” ISO ni umuryango mpuzamahanga wigenga, utari uwa leta, ushyiraho amahame mpuzamahanga. Imiryango 167 y’ubuziranenge bw’igihugu, nka ANSI, ni abanyamuryango ba ISO. ISO yashinzwe mu 1947, nyuma y’uko intumwa ziturutse mu bihugu 25 zihuriye hamwe kugira ngo zitegure ahazaza ho gushyiraho amabwiriza mpuzamahanga. Mu 1951, ISO yashyizeho amahame yayo ya mbere, ISO/R 1:1951, yagennye ubushyuhe bw’inganda. Kuva icyo gihe, ISO yashyizeho amahame agera ku 25.000 kuri buri gikorwa, ikoranabuhanga, serivisi, n’inganda. Amahame yayo afasha ibigo kongera ireme, uburambe, n’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa byabo n’imikorere y’akazi. Hari n’uburyo busanzwe bwa ISO bwo guteka icyayi!

ISO ifite amahame agera kuri 200 yo gufata ibyuma. Andi mahame amagana (nk'ay'icyuma na ceramic) agira ingaruka ku miterere y'ibyuma mu buryo butaziguye.

 

AMABWIRIZA YA ASTM

ASTM isobanura Umuryango w’Abanyamerika wita ku bipimo n’ibikoresho, ariko umuryango ufite icyicaro i Pennsylvania ubu ni ASTM Mpuzamahanga. Igena amahame ngenderwaho y’ikoranabuhanga ku bihugu byo hirya no hino ku isi.

ASTM ifite inkomoko mu nzira za gari ya moshi zo mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara y'inganda. Kutahuza kw'inzira z'ibyuma byatumye inzira za gari ya moshi za mbere zicika. Mu 1898, umuhanga mu bya shimi Charles Benjamin Dudley yashinze ASTM n'itsinda ry'abahanga n'abahanga mu bya siyansi kugira ngo bashake igisubizo cy'iki kibazo giteje akaga. Bashyizeho uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha ibyuma bya gari ya moshi. Mu myaka 125 ishize, ASTM yashyizeho amahame arenga 12.500 ku bicuruzwa byinshi, ibikoresho, n'imikorere mu nganda kuva ku byuma fatizo na peteroli kugeza ku bicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abantu.

Umuntu wese ashobora kwinjira muri ASTM, kuva ku bagize inganda kugeza ku bahanga mu by’amasomo n’abajyanama. ASTM ishyiraho amahame yumvikanyweho ku bushake. Abanyamuryango bagirana amasezerano rusange (ubwumvikane) ku bijyanye n’icyo amahame agomba kuba. Ayo mahame arahari kugira ngo umuntu uwo ari we wese cyangwa ikigo icyo ari cyo cyose kigomba kuyakurikiza (ku bushake) kugira ngo abe ari yo ayobora ibyemezo byabo.

ASTM ifite amahame arenga 150 ajyanye n'imibare n'inyandiko z'inama.

 

AMABWIRIZA YA ANSI, ISO, NA ASTM BIGUFASHA KUGURA IBYO KUGURA BYIZA CYANE

Amabwiriza ya tekiniki atuma wowe n'uruganda rukora ibikoresho bitwikiriye muvuga ururimi rumwe. Iyo usomye ko ibikoresho bitwikiriye byakozwe muri chrome steel ya SAE 52100, ushobora gushaka ibipimo bya ASTM A295 kugira ngo umenye neza uburyo icyuma cyakozwe n'ibikubiye muri cyo. Niba uruganda ruvuga ko ibikoresho byarwo bitwikiriye ibikoresho bitwikiriye ari ingano zagenwe na ISO 355:2019, uzi neza ingano uzabona. Nubwo amahame ya tekiniki ashobora kuba ay'ikoranabuhanga cyane, ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kuvugana n'abatanga ibikoresho no gusobanukirwa ubwiza n'ibipimo by'ibice ugura.Amakuru arambuye, sura urubuga rwacu: www.cwlbearing.com