amakuru

Ubwoko bw'icyuma

 

Icyuma gishongeshejwe gikorerwa mu itanura gishyirwa mu billets, hanyuma ingots cyangwa billets bigashyirwa mu byuma (ibicuruzwa by'icyuma). Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibyuma, muri rusange bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: ibumba, amasahani, imiyoboro n'insinga.

 

Icyuma gipima igice

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'icyuma gikozwe mu gice, ari na cyo cyuma gikomeye kandi kirekire gifite imiterere n'ingano runaka. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye y'igice, gigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: ibice byoroshye n'ibigoye. Icya mbere kirimo utubati tw'uruziga, utubati tw'impande kare, utubati duto, utubati tw'impande esheshatu n'utubati tw'impande; icya nyuma kirimo imiyoboro, imitako ya I, ibyuma by'imiyoboro, ibyuma by'amadirishya n'ibyuma bifite ishusho yihariye. Icyuma gito cy'uruziga gifite umurambararo wa mm 6.5-9.0 cyitwa insinga.

 

Amasahani y'icyuma

Ni icyuma gifunganye gifite ubugari bunini hagati y’ubugari n’ubuso ndetse n’ubuso bunini. Dukurikije ubunini butandukanye, gigabanyijemo ubwoko butatu: isahani nto (ubunini < 4mm), isahani iringaniye (ubunini 4-25mm) n’isahani nini (ubunini > 25mm). Uduce tw’icyuma turi mu cyiciro cy’isahani y’icyuma.

 

Imiyoboro y'icyuma

Ni agace karekare k'icyuma gafite igice cy'ububobere. Dukurikije imiterere yacyo itandukanye, gishobora kugabanywamo imiyoboro izengurutse, imiyoboro kare, imiyoboro ifite impande esheshatu n'imiyoboro itandukanye y'icyuma ifite imiterere yihariye. Dukurikije ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo gutunganya, gishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: umuyoboro w'icyuma udakora n'umuyoboro w'icyuma uvanze.

 

Insinga z'icyuma

Insinga z'icyuma ni ikindi kintu gikozwe mu nsinga zikonje. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye, zigabanyijemo insinga z'icyuma zizengurutse, insinga z'icyuma zigororotse n'insinga z'icyuma zitatu, nibindi. Uretse gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye, insinga z'icyuma zikoreshwa kandi mu gukora imigozi y'insinga, imigozi y'icyuma n'ibindi bicuruzwa.

 

Inguni y'icyuma

Icuma cy'inguni, kizwi cyane nka icyuma cy'inguni, ni agace karekare k'icyuma gafite impande zombi. Hariho icyuma cy'inguni kingana n'icyuma cy'inguni kitangana. Impande ebyiri z'inguni iringaniye zingana mu bugari. Ibisobanuro byacyo bigaragazwa muri milimetero z'ubugari bw'uruhande.× ubugari bw'uruhande× ubugari bw'inkombe. Urugero, "∠30×30×3", bivuze ko ubugari bw'uruhande ari mm 30 naho ubugari bw'uruhande bukaba mm 3. Ishobora kandi kugaragazwa n'umubare w'icyitegererezo, ari wo mubare wa santimetero z'ubugari bw'uruhande, nka∠3 #. Icyitegererezo ntikigaragaza ingano y'ubugari butandukanye bw'uruhande muri icyo gishushanyo kimwe, bityo ubugari bw'uruhande n'ubugari bw'uruhande rw'icyuma cy'inguni byuzuzwa mu masezerano no mu zindi nyandiko, kugira ngo hirindwe gukoresha icyo gishushanyo gusa. Ibisobanuro by'icyuma cy'inguni gishyushye ni 2 # -20 #.　　

Ibyuma by'inguni bishobora kuba bigizwe n'ibice bitandukanye bikomereye bitewe n'ibyo imiterere ikeneye, kandi bishobora no gukoreshwa nk'umuhuza hagati y'ibice. Bikoreshwa cyane mu nyubako zitandukanye n'inyubako z'ubuhanga, nk'ibiti by'inzu, ibiraro, iminara yo kohereza ibintu, imashini ziterura n'izitwara ibintu, amato, amatanura y'inganda, iminara yo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo, aho kubika amakontena n'amashelufu y'ububiko.

 

Icyuma kizengurutse

 

Icyuma kizengurutse kivuga ku gice cy'icyuma gikomeye gifite igice cy'uruziga. Ibisobanuro byacyo bigaragazwa muri milimetero z'umurambararo, urugero "50" bivuga uruziga rufite umurambararo wa mm 50. Hari ubwoko butatu bw'utubari kizengurutse: dushyushye, dukozwe mu buryo bukonje n'udukonje. Utubari kizengurutse dushyushye tuboneka mu bunini kuva kuri mm 5.5 kugeza 250. Muri two: Utubari kizengurutse duto twa mm 5.5-25 dukunze gutangwa mu dupfunyika tw'utubari dugororotse, dukunze gukoreshwa nk'utubari tw'icyuma, bolti n'ibice bitandukanye bya mekanike; Utubari kizengurutse turenga mm 25 dukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibice bya mekanike cyangwa utubari tw'icyuma tudakora.

 

Rebar

Urubaho rw'icyuma rwa sima ishyigikiwe ruvuga urubaho rugororotse cyangwa icyuma cy'insinga gikoreshwa mu gushimangira sima ishyigikiwe, kandi imiterere yacyo igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: urubaho rworoheje rw'icyuma n'urubaho rw'icyuma cyangiritse, kandi imiterere yo gutanga ni urubaho rugororotse n'uruziga rwa disiki. Urubaho rworoheje rw'icyuma mu by'ukuri ni urubaho ruto rw'icyuma kizengurutse n'uruziga rwa disiki rw'icyuma gisanzwe gifite karuboni nke. Urubaho rw'icyuma cyangiritse ni urubaho rw'icyuma gifite imbaho ​​zifite ubuso, akenshi rufite imbaho ​​2 z'uburebure n'imbaho ​​zizunguruka zigororotse ku buryo bungana ku burebure. Hari ubwoko butatu bw'imbaho ​​zizunguruka: uruziga, igufwa ry'urutare n'umurambararo w'urutare. Rugaragazwa muri milimetero z'umurambararo w ...　　

Imigozi yo kongera imbaraga ikunze guhura n’ikibazo cyo gukurura muri sima. Bitewe n’imikorere y’imbavu, umugozi w’icyuma wangiritse ufite ubushobozi bwo gufatanya na sima, bityo ukaba ushobora kwihanganira imbaraga zo hanze. Imigozi y’icyuma ikoreshwa cyane mu nyubako zitandukanye, cyane cyane inyubako nini, ziremereye, zoroheje, zifite inkuta nto n’inyubako ndende.

 

Icyuma cy'umuyoboro

Ibyuma byo mu muhanda ni agace karekare k'icyuma gafite igice cy'imirongo. Uburyo bwo kubigaragaza, nka 120*53*5, bugaragaza icyuma cyo mu muhanda gifite uburebure bwa mm 120 n'ubugari bw'amaguru bwa mm 53, n'icyuma cyo mu muhanda gifite ubugari bwa mm 5, cyangwa icyuma cyo mu muhanda cya 12#. Niba hari uburebure butandukanye bw'amaguru n'ubugari bw'ikirenge, ugomba kandi kongeramo A, B, na C iburyo bw'icyitegererezo kugira ngo ubyitandukanye, nka 25A#, 25B#, 25C#, nibindi. Ibyuma byo mu muhanda bigabanyijemo icyuma gisanzwe cyo mu muhanda n'icyuma cyoroshye cyo mu muhanda. Ibisobanuro by'icyuma gisanzwe cyo mu muhanda gishyushye ni 5-40#. Ibisobanuro by'icyuma cyo mu muhanda gishyushye gitangwa ku bwumvikane hagati y'abatanga serivisi n'abasaba ni 6.5-30#.

Ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nyubako z'ubwubatsi, mu nganda zikora imodoka n'izindi nganda, naho ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane hamwe n'imiringa ya I.