Ihame ry'imikorere n'ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'imbaraga za rukuruzi

 

Ingufu za rukuruziSisitemu zishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu hakurikijwe amahame y'imikorere yazo: Active Magnetic Bearing, Passive Magnetic Bearing, na Hybrid Magnetic Bearing.

 

Ingufu zikora za rukuruzi

 

Ibyuma bikoresha ingufu za magnetiki zigenzurwa kugira ngo binyure mu mugozi uzenguruka, ugizwe ahanini na rotors, solenoids, sensors, controllers, na amplifiers z'ingufu. Solenoids zishyirwa kuri stator ihagaze mu butaka bwa magnetiki bukorwa na electromagnets zishyizwe mu buryo bwa radial, buri imwe ifite sensor imwe cyangwa nyinshi kugira ngo ikomeze gukurikirana impinduka mu mwanya w'umugozi. Itangazo riva muri sensor, hifashishijwe sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga, rikosora amashanyarazi anyura muri electromagnet, kugira ngo rigenzure uko electromagnet ikurura, kugira ngo umugozi uzenguruka ugende neza kandi ugororotse, kandi ugere ku bisabwa bimwe na bimwe.

 

Ibyuma bikoresha ingufu za rukuruzi bishobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi hakurikijwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura, kandi bishobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo kugenzura ingufu za rukuruzi bushingiye ku mirasire n'uburyo bwo gushyigikira butandukanye. Kuri ubu, mu byuma bikoresha ingufu za rukuruzi bishingiye ku mirasire, ikoreshwa cyane ni DC.

 

Igice cya mekanike cy'ubwikorezi bw'ingufu za rukuruzi muri rusange kigizwe n'ubwikorezi bw'imirasire n'ubwikorezi bw'imirongo, naho ubwikorezi bw'imirasire bugizwe na stator (electromagnet) na rotor; ubwikorezi bw'imirongo bugizwe na stator (electromagnet) n'icyuma gitera imbaraga.

 

Kubera ko imikorere ya rukuruzi ifite ibyiza byo kuba imiterere ya rotor, gukomera no kudakomera kw'ingufu bishobora kugenwa na sisitemu yo kugenzura, ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gukurura ingufu za rukuruzi, kandi ubushakashatsi ku mikorere ya rukuruzi ya active bwagiye buba intandaro y'ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga rya rukuruzi. Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'akazi gakomeye, inyigisho n'uburyo byakozwemo byarushijeho kuba byiza.

 

Ingufu za rukuruzi zidakora

 

Nk'uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu hakoreshejwe magnetiki, gutwara ibintu hakoreshejwe magnetiki bidakoreshejwe bifite ibyiza byabyo byihariye, ni bito mu bunini, nta ngufu zikoreshwa, kandi byoroshye mu miterere. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'ingufu za magnetiki zidakoreshejwe n'ingufu za magnetiki zidakoreshejwe ni uko iya mbere idafite sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga ikora, ahubwo ikoresha imiterere y'imbaraga za magnetiki ubwayo kugira ngo ihindure umugozi uzenguruka. Kuri ubu, ingufu za magnetiki zidakoreshejwe cyane zikoreshwa cyane ni ingufu za magnetiki zidahinduka zigizwe na magnetiki zidahinduka. Ingufu za magnetiki zidahinduka zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bwo gusubiza inyuma n'ubwoko bwo gukurura.

 

Ibyuma bya rukuruzi bihoraho bidakora bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibyuma bya radial na step bearing (axial bearing), byombi bishobora gukurura cyangwa gusubiza inyuma. Bitewe n'icyerekezo cya rukuruzi n'aho impeta ya rukuruzi iherereye, ibyuma bya rukuruzi bihoraho bifite imiterere itandukanye ya rukuruzi. Ariko hari imiterere ibiri y'ibanze.

 

Ubundi bwoko bw'imbaraga za rukuruzi zidakora bushingiye ku mbaraga zo gukurura, zikora hagati y'ibice byoroshye bya rukuruzi bya magneti. Iyo igice cya rotor kigenda mu buryo bw'imirasire, ingaruka zo gukurura ziva ku mpinduka mu gukurura magnetoresistance, bityo kitwa kandi "imbaraga za rukuruzi zikora magnetoresistive". Ubwo bwoko bw'imbaraga bushobora gutegurwa ku buryo igice cya rukuruzi gihoraho kidazunguruka, kandi igice cy'icyuma cyoroshye gusa kikaba ari cyo kizunguruka, kugira ngo sisitemu igire umutekano mwiza.

 

Uruvange rw'ingaruka zihamye z'udupira tw'amashanyarazi duhindagurika hamwe na solenoids zikora neza bivamo sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi ikoresha ingufu nke cyane.

 

Ibyuma by'ubukorikori bya Hybrid

 

Ibyuma bya rukuruzi by’ubwoko bwa Hybrid bishyirwaho hashingiwe ku byuma bya rukuruzi bikora, ibyuma bya rukuruzi bidakora n’ibindi bikoresho by’inyongera bishyigikira kandi bigatuza - ubwoko bwa sisitemu ihuriweho ya rukuruzi. Bita ku miterere rusange ya ibyuma bya rukuruzi bikora n’ibyuma bya rukuruzi bidakora.

 

Uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu za rukuruzi zivanze ni ugukoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi zikorwa na rukuruzi ihoraho kugira ngo zisimbuze imbaraga za rukuruzi zihoraho za rukuruzi, zitagabanya gusa imbaraga zikoreshwa mu kongera ingufu, ahubwo zinagabanya umubare wa ampere zizungurukaho kimwe cya kabiri, zikagabanya ingano y'imbaraga za rukuruzi, kandi zikongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo.

 

Kubera ko imbaraga za rukuruzi zishingiye ku ruhande zikorwa na rukuruzi ihoraho kandi imbaraga za rukuruzi zigenzurwa zigakorwa na rukuruzi ikoresha amashanyarazi, imbaraga za rukuruzi zishingiye ku ruhu zishingiye ku ruhu zifite inyungu zikurikira:

 

1) Sukuru ihoraho ikoreshwa mu gutanga imbaraga za rukuruzi zitagira aho zihuriye n’ibintu, kandi amashanyarazi atanga imbaraga za rukuruzi zigenzura gusa kugira ngo zihuze umutwaro cyangwa ingaruka zo hanze, ibyo bikaba bishobora kwirinda igihombo cy’ingufu giterwa n’imbaraga za rukuruzi ziterwa n’imbaraga za rukuruzi kandi bikagabanya ubushyuhe bwa koyili.

 

2) Umubare w'izunguruka zisabwa kuri electromagnet ya hybrid magnetic bearing ni muto cyane ugereranije n'uwa active magnetic bearing, ibyo bikaba byorohereza kugabanya ingano y'icyuma gikurura magnetic bearing no kuzigama ibikoresho. Ubwo bwoko bw'icyuma bufite ibyiza byo kuba ingano nto, uburemere bworoheje n'ubushobozi bwo hejuru, kandi bukwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo buto no mu buryo buto.