amakuru

Ibanga ryo kugira ubwiza bw'icyuma gifata: Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere n'inenge zisanzwe

 

Nk'igice cy'ingenzi muri sisitemu za mekanike, imikorere n'ubuzima bwo kugendaamaberanibiterwa ahanini n'ubwiza bw'icyuma gifata ibikoresho bikozwemo. Kugira ngo icyuma gikore neza mu gihe cy'imizigo myinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, hashyirwaho amabwiriza akomeye cyane ya tekiniki ku cyuma.

 

I. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi ku mikorere myizaIgipimo cy'imodokaIcyuma

 

Ubwiza bwinshi n'umwanda muke

 

Ibintu bitari iby'icyuma bishyirwa mu byuma (nk'ibinyabutabire na sulfide) ni byo bitera imivuniko. Kubwibyo, ibyuma bigezweho bikoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu nko gukuramo imyuka mu cyuma gishyushye no gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi kugira ngo bigabanye ingano ya sulfur, fosifore na gaze, bityo bikanoza imiterere y'ibikoresho n'imbaraga z'umunaniro.

 

Kugenzura neza imiterere y'ibinyabutabire

 

Ihuriro ry'ingenziikirangoIcyuma ahanini ni icyuma cya chromium gifite karuboni nyinshi (nka GCr15). Ingano ya karuboni igomba kuba iri hagati ya 0.95% na 1.05%, kandi ingano ya chromium igomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 1.30% na 1.65%. Gupima neza bitanga matrix ikomeye ya martensitic na carbide nziza zikwirakwizwa neza nyuma yo kuzimya, bigatuma ibikoresho biramba neza kandi bikanakomera.

 

Ubwinshi bw'imiterere y'uturemangingo n'urwego ruto rw'ubusembwa

 

Imiterere mito igomba kuba idafite imiterere igaragara, imiterere ya Widmanstätten, cyangwa karubide z'urusobe rw'amakuru. Imiterere mito ikwiye kandi ishyushye ni martensite ya cryptocrystalline + karubide zitatanye neza + ingano ikwiye ya austenite igumanye kugira ngo irebe ko imikorere yayo yuzuye.

 

Ubuso buhamye n'ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo

 

Ubuso bw'icyuma bugomba kuba budafite inenge nk'imiturire, imikufi n'inkovu, kandi uburebure bw'urwego rwakuwemo karuboni bugomba kuba buri mu rugero rwagenwe (ubusanzwe ≤0.20mm). Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imiterere n'ubuziranenge bw'imiterere bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere n'umusaruro nyuma yo gutunganya.

 

II. Ubusembwa busanzwe mu byuma n'ingaruka zabwo: Ibirimo byinshi bitari iby'icyuma

 

Ibice binini kandi byoroshye kwangirika (nk'uko Al₂O₃) bishobora gutuma habaho gukwirakwira kwa microcrack mu bice byibasira stress, bigabanura cyane igihe umuntu ananiwe cyane.

 

Kutagira karubide ingana: Gukoresha nabi cyangwa gutunganya ubushyuhe bishobora gutuma karubide zirundanya mu migozi cyangwa mu miyoboro, bigatera intege nke ku mupaka w'ingano no kongera ibyago byo kuvunika.

 

Ubusembwa bwo hejuru: Imyanya n'imikufi byakozwe mu gihe cyo kuzingurura, iyo bidakuweho vuba, bishobora gukwirakwira mu gihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe, bigatuma igikoresho gikurwaho.

 

Gukuraho karubone mu buryo bwimbitse cyane: Kugabanuka k'umubare wa karubone hejuru bituma idakomera bihagije kandi ikagabanya ubushobozi bwo kwangirika, bigatuma imiterere y'ubwikorezi irushaho kuba myiza kandi ikagabanuka.

 

Muri make, iterambere n'umusaruro w'ibyuma bifite ubwiza buhanitse ni umusaruro w'ubufatanye mu mikorere y'ibyuma, ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho, n'inganda zikora neza. Kuva ku kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'icyuma aho gituruka kugeza ku kugenzura iterambere ry'imiterere y'ibikoresho mu gihe cyose cy'ibikorwa, buri ntambwe ni ingenzi kugira ngo umusaruro wa nyuma ube wizerwa. Mu gihe kizaza, kuko ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikomeje gusaba imikorere myiza iva kuri feri, ibikoresho bishya nk'icyuma gisukuye cyane n'icyuma gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bizakomeza gutera imbere mu nganda.