Kukujyana kumenya uko ibintu bimeze

Nk'igice cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi mu bicuruzwa bya mekanike, imiyoboro ifite uruhare runini mu gushyigikira imiyoboro izenguruka. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye y'imiyoboro,ikirangoIgabanyijemo ibice bibiri: icyuma gifata amaguru (cyitwa icyuma gifata amaguru) n'icyuma gifata amaguru (cyitwa icyuma gifata amaguru). Ubwoko bubiri bw'icyuma gifata amaguru bufite imiterere yabwo, kandi buri kimwe gifite ibyiza n'ibibi byacyo mu mikorere.

Kugereranya uburyo bwo gukurura noimiyoboro isanzwe

1. Kugereranya imiterere n'uburyo bwo kugenda

Itandukaniro rigaragara cyane hagati y’udupira two gupfunyika n’udupira dusanzwe ni ukuba hari cyangwa nta dupira dufite.

Amabati yo kuzunguruka afite ibintu bizunguruka (imipira, imigozi y'uruziga, imigozi irambuye, imigozi y'inshinge) yishingikiriza ku kuzunguruka kwayo kugira ngo ishyigikire umugozi uzenguruka, bityo igice cyo kuzunguruka kiba ingingo imwe, kandi uko ibintu bizunguruka byinshi, ni ko ingingo zo kuzunguruka ziba nyinshi.

Amabati asanzwe nta bintu bizunguruka agira kandi yishingikiriza ku buso bworoshye kugira ngo ashyigikire umugozi uzenguruka, bityo igice cyo gufataho ni ubuso.

Itandukaniro riri mu miterere y’ibi byombi rigena ko uburyo bwo kugenda bw’icyuma gitembera burimo kugenda, n’uburyo bwo kugenda bw’icyuma gitembera burimo kugenda, bityo imiterere y’ubushyuhe ikaba itandukanye rwose.

 

2. Kugereranya ubushobozi bwo gutwara

Muri rusange, bitewe n'ubunini bw'aho icyuma gitembera giherereye, ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gutwara ibintu muri rusange buri hejuru y'ubwo icyuma gitembera gitembera, kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gutwara ibintu muri rusange bwo kwihanganira umutwaro w'ingaruka ntabwo buri hejuru, ariko icyuma gitembera gikozwe mu mazi yose gishobora kwihanganira umutwaro mwinshi w'ingaruka bitewe n'uruhare rwo gukaraba no gukurura umwuka bitewe n'amavuta akoreshwa mu gusiga. Iyo umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka uri hejuru, imbaraga za centrifugal z'ibintu bitembera mu cyuma gitembera ziyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gutwara ibintu buragabanuka (urusaku rushobora kubaho ku muvuduko mwinshi). Ku bijyanye n'ibyuma bitembera bidafite imbaraga, ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gutwara ibintu buriyongera uko umuvuduko uri hejuru.

3. Kugereranya igipimo cyo gukururana n'uburyo bwo gutangira gukururana

Mu mikorere isanzwe, igipimo cyo kugongana cya bearingers zizunguruka kiri hasi ugereranyije n'igipimo cyo kugongana, kandi agaciro kabyo karahamye kurushaho. Gushyira amavuta mu mabearings azunguruka byoroshye kugirwaho ingaruka n'ibintu byo hanze nko kwihuta no guhindagura, kandi igipimo cyo kugongana kiratandukanye cyane.

Mu gutangira, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu buruta ubw’icyuma gizunguruka kuko icyuma gizunguruka kiba kitarakora icyuma gifunganye cy’amavuta, ariko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bitangira hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bizunguruka by’icyuma gizunguruka cy’amazi ni bike cyane.

 

4. Kugereranya umuvuduko ukwiye wo gukora

Bitewe n'uko imbaraga za centrifugal z'ikintu gizunguruka zigabanuka ndetse n'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gizunguruka buzamuka, umuvuduko w'icyuma gizunguruka ntushobora kuba munini cyane, kandi muri rusange ukwiriye imikorere y'umuvuduko uringaniye n'uwo hasi. Ibyuma bidafite amavuta yuzuye bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'ubusaze bw'icyuma gizunguruka, umuvuduko wo gukora ntugomba kuba munini cyane. Umuvuduko wo hejuru w'ibyuma bizunguruka byuzuye ni mwiza cyane, cyane cyane iyo ibyuma bizunguruka bya hydrostatic bisizwe umwuka, kandi umuvuduko wabyo wo kuzenguruka ushobora kugera ku 100.000 r / min.

 

5. Kugereranya ibura ry'amashanyarazi

Bitewe n'uko ingufu za "friction coefficient" nkeya za "rolling bearings", ubusanzwe ingufu zabo ntiziba nini, zikaba ziri munsi y'iza "liquid lubricated bearings" zitarashyirwamo amavuta, ariko ziyongera cyane iyo zishyizwemo amavuta kandi zigashyirwamo neza. Ingufu za "frictional" za "liquid-lubricated bearings" ni nke, ariko kuri "hydrostatic plain bearings", ingufu zose zishobora kuba nyinshi kuruta iza "hydrostatic plain bearings" bitewe n'ibura ry'ingufu za pompe y'amavuta.

 

6. Kugereranya ubuzima bwa serivisi

Bitewe n’ingaruka z’ibintu bivamo n’umunaniro, imiyoboro izunguruka muri rusange ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 5-10, cyangwa igasimburwa mu gihe cyo kuvugurura. Imiyoboro y’imiyoboro ituzuye irimo amavuta irashaje cyane kandi igomba gusimburwa buri gihe. Ubuzima bw’imiyoboro yuzuye irimo amavuta ntabwo bugira aho bugarukira, ariko mu by’ukuri, umunaniro w’imiyoboro ushobora guterwa no gusimbuka kw’imiyoboro, cyane cyane iyo imiyoboro isanzwe ihindagurika.

 

7. Kugereranya uburyo bwo kuzenguruka neza

Muri rusange, ibyuma bizunguruka bifite ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka cyane bitewe n'aho biherereye gato. Ibyuma bidafite ubushobozi bwo kuzunguruka neza biba biri mu buryo bwo kuzunguruka cyangwa bivanze, kandi imikorere yabyo ntabwo ihamye, kandi ubusaza ni bwinshi, kandi uburyohe ni buke. Bitewe n'uko hari agapira k'amavuta, ibyuma bizunguruka neza kandi bikinjiza umwuka uhindagurika neza. Ibyuma bizunguruka bifite ubushobozi bwo kuzunguruka neza cyane.

 

8. Kugereranya ibindi bintu

Amavuta yo gutwikira akoresha amavuta, amavuta cyangwa amavuta akomeye, ingano ni nto cyane, ingano ni nini ku muvuduko mwinshi, isuku y'amavuta irakenewe kuba nyinshi, bityo irasabwa gufungwa, ariko icyuma cyo gutwikira biroroshye gusimbuza, kandi muri rusange ntabwo gikeneye gusana icyuma cyo gutwikira. Ku mavuta asanzwe, uretse ibyuma byo gutwika byuzuye, amavuta muri rusange ni amazi cyangwa gaze, ingano ni nini cyane, ibisabwa ku isuku y'amavuta nabyo ni byinshi cyane, udupapuro two gutwikira tugomba gusimburwa kenshi, kandi rimwe na rimwe icyuma cyo gutwikira kirasanwa.

 

Guhitamo ibyuma bizunguruka n'ibipimoimiyoboro isanzwe

Bitewe n'imiterere y'akazi igoye kandi itandukanye, nta gipimo ngenderwaho gihuriweho cyo guhitamo ibyuma bizunguruka n'ibyuma bizunguruka. Bitewe n'uburyo ibyuma bizunguruka bito, ubushobozi buke bwo gutangira, ubushobozi bwo kumva, imikorere myiza, no gushyiraho uburyo busanzwe, ibyuma bizunguruka bifite ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya no gukoresha ibintu byinshi, kandi byoroshye gukoresha, gushyira amavuta no kubungabunga, kandi muri rusange bihabwa umwanya wa mbere mu guhitamo, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mu mashini rusange. Ibikoresho bizunguruka bifite inyungu zidasanzwe ubwabyo, kandi muri rusange bikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe aho ibyuma bizunguruka bidashoboka, bitoroshye cyangwa bidafite inyungu mu gukoresha ibyuma bizunguruka.