amakuru

Ingamba zo guhitamo no gukoresha ibyuma bizingira mu bihe byihariye byo gukora

 

Mu buryo bwa none bw'inganda, ikoreshwa ryaamaberani azungurukaByagiye birushaho kwaguka mu buryo busanzwe bwo kohereza ibikoresho, bigera no ku mikorere yihariye nko mu bushyuhe buri hejuru n'ubuke, imitwaro myinshi, ingese, isuku ivamo umwuka, no guhindagura gukomeye. Ibyuma bisanzwe bikunze kugorwa no kuzuza ibi bisabwa cyane mu mikorere, bikaba bisaba kunoza gahunda mu gutunganya ibikoresho, imiterere y'inyubako, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga amavuta, no gufunga kugira ngo haboneke ubufasha bwizewe.

 

Ubushyuhe buri hejuruIbidukikije bikunze kugaragara mu bucuruzi bw'ibyuma, mu nganda zikora ibirahure, no mu mashini zikoresha turbo, aho ibyuma bikoreshwa mu byuma bigomba gukora buri gihe hejuru ya 200°C. Muri ibi bihe, ibyago byo koroha kw'ibyuma bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu byuma birinda amashanyarazi biriyongera, kandi amasanduku ashobora kwangirika. Ubusanzwe ibikoresho bikoresha icyuma gishyushye cyane (nka SUJ2-HT), icyuma gikonjeshwa (nka JIS-SCM420H), cyangwa aloyi zirinda ubushyuhe (nka M50 na Inconel 718), hamwe n'ibintu bizunguruka bya ceramic (Si₃N₄) kugira ngo bigabanye kwaguka n'uburemere bw'ubushyuhe. Ku bijyanye no gusiga amavuta, hakunze gukoreshwa ibikoresho bikonjesha amavuta akomeye (nka MoS₂ na DLC) cyangwa amavuta ashyushye cyane. Hari n'igihe, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gukonjesha ikirere hagati y'amavuta n'umwuka. Mu bidukikije bikonjesha cyangwa bikonjesha, nka pompe za gaze karemano (LNG) na sisitemu zo gutwara ibintu mu kirere, gufunga ibikoresho no gukonjesha amavuta ni imbogamizi zikomeye. Ibyuma binini bikunze gukorwa mu byuma bitagira umugese (nk'ibikomoka kuri AISI 440C byavuwe na cryogenically) cyangwa alloys zishingiye kuri nikeli, bisizwe amavuta ya ester afite ubukana buke cyangwa amavuta ya perfluoropolyether (PFPE) kugira ngo bikore neza ndetse no ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya -196°C.

 

Ku bidukikije bikomeye kandi byuzuyemo ingaruka, nko mu mashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, mu nganda zikora imigozi, no mu masanduku manini y'amashanyarazi, imigozi isaba gukomera cyane no kumara igihe kinini umuntu ananiwe.Ibyuma by'imizingo bifite umurongo ibiri, imigozi ifite imirongo inecyangwaimiringa y'uruzigazikunze gukoreshwa muri ubu buryo. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwongerwa binyuze mu miterere myiza y'imizigo, kugenzura mbere yo gutwara ibintu, no kunoza ubuso nko gukoresha carbonitriding.

 

Mu bidukikije byangiza, nk'ipompo za shimi n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi yo mu nyanja, ibyuma bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu byuma bishobora kwangirika. Ibisubizo birimo ibyuma bitagira umugese (nk'urugero X65Cr13 na 1.4122),imitako ya keramikecyangwa irangi rirwanya ingese (nk'iry'amashanyarazi cyangwa iry'imvange ya PVD) ku mpeta z'imbere n'inyuma, hamwe n'inyubako zo gufunga zifunze neza (nk'irirangi rya rubber cyangwa irirangi ry'icyuma) kugira ngo hatabaho kwinjira mu buryo bw'imvange.

 

Byongeye kandi, mu bikorwa byihuta cyane nka spindles z'amashanyarazi zihuta cyane na compressors za centrifugal, bearingers zigomba kuringaniza friction nke, imikorere y'ubushyuhe buke, no kudahinduka kw'imbaraga.Ibyuma by'umupira w'angoli(cyane cyane abafite imipira ya keramike yashyizwemo ibintu byinshi) byabaye amahitamo asanzwe, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga amavuta n'umwuka cyangwa gukoresha imashini ishyushya kugira ngo bagenzure neza izamuka ry'ubushyuhe.

 

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko guhitamo ibyuma bikoreshwa mu mikorere yihariye bidashingiye gusa ku bipimo bisanzwe; isuzumabumenyi rikwiye gukorwa hashingiwe ku mikorere nyayo, harimo imiterere y'umutwaro, ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko, uko bishyirwa mu bikorwa, amakosa yo guhuza, n'igihe cyo kubungabunga. Umubare munini w'ibikoresho birimo gukoresha igitekerezo cya "ubuhanga mu by'imikorere y'ibyuma," aho abakora ibikoresho batanga igishushanyo cyihariye, kugenzura imiterere y'ibikoresho, ndetse na serivisi zuzuye z'ubuzima.

 

Uko ibikoresho by’inganda bitera imbere biganisha ku gukora neza cyane, kumara igihe kirekire no kudakorerwa isuku, imiyoboro izunguruka yo gukora mu bihe byihariye irahinduka ikagera ku bikoresho bivanze, imiterere y’ubwenge n’amavuta avanze, bikomeza gutanga inkunga y’ingenzi mu mikorere ihamye y’ibikoresho mu turere dukomeye.

Niba ushaka kumenya amakuru arambuye yerekeye iki kibazo, twandikire kuri:

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