Nigute gutwara ikoranabuhanga bihinduka?

Mu myaka mike ishize ishize, igishushanyo mbonera cyateye imbere cyane kuzana ibikoresho bishya, tekinoroji yo gusiga amavuta hamwe nisesengura rya mudasobwa ihanitse.

Imyenda ikoreshwa muburyo bwose bwimashini zizunguruka. Kuva mu bikoresho byo kwirwanaho no mu kirere kugeza ku murongo w’ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, ibisabwa kuri ibyo bice biriyongera. Icy'ingenzi, abashakashatsi bashushanya barasaba ibisubizo bito, byoroheje kandi biramba kugirango bishoboke kugirango habeho ibizamini byinshi by’ibidukikije.

 

Ibikoresho bya siyansi

Kugabanya ubushyamirane nigice cyingenzi cyubushakashatsi kubakora. Ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku guterana amagambo nko kwihanganira ibipimo, kurangiza hejuru, ubushyuhe, umutwaro ukora n'umuvuduko. Iterambere rikomeye ryatewe mu gutwara ibyuma mu myaka yashize. Ibyuma bigezweho, bifite isuku cyane birimo ibyuma bito kandi bito bitari ibyuma, bitanga imipira irwanya cyane umunaniro wo guhura.

 

Uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora ibyuma na de-gassing bitanga ibyuma bifite urwego rwo hasi rwa oxyde, sulfide nizindi myuka yashonze mugihe tekinike nziza yo gukomera itanga ibyuma bikomeye kandi birwanya kwambara. Iterambere mu mashini zikora zituma abakora ibicuruzwa bitomoye kugirango bakomeze kwihanganira hafi yikintu kandi bitange amasoko menshi yo guhuza amakuru, byose bigabanya ubushyamirane kandi bizamura ubuzima.

 

Amashanyarazi mashya yo mu rwego rwa 400 (X65Cr13) yashyizweho kugirango atezimbere urusaku kimwe n’ibyuma bya azote kugira ngo arwanye ruswa. Kubidukikije byangirika cyane cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije, abakiriya barashobora noneho guhitamo murwego rwicyiciro cya 316 cyuma kitagira ibyuma, ibyuma byuzuye bya ceramic cyangwa plastike bikozwe muri acetal resin, PEEK, PVDF cyangwa PTFE. Mugihe icapiro rya 3D rigenda rikoreshwa cyane, bityo rikaba ridahenze cyane, turabona uburyo bushoboka bwo kubyara umusaruro utari usanzwe utwara ibyuma bigumana bike, ikintu kizaba ingirakamaro kubijwi bike bisabwa mubuhanga bwihariye.

 

Amavuta

 

Gusiga amavuta bishobora kuba byarakunzwe cyane. Hamwe na 13% yo kunanirwa biterwa no gusiga amavuta, kubyara amavuta nigice cyihuta cyubushakashatsi, gishyigikirwa nabashakashatsi ninganda. Hano hari andi mavuta menshi yinzobere dukesha ibintu byinshi: urwego runini rwamavuta yubukorikori yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, guhitamo byinshi kubyimbye bikoreshwa mugukora amavuta hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwamavuta yo gutanga kugirango utange, kurugero, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi cyangwa kurwanya ruswa. Abakiriya barashobora kwerekana akayunguruzo keza cyane k'amajwi, amavuta yihuta cyane, amavuta yubushyuhe bukabije, amavuta adashobora gukoreshwa n’amazi adashobora kwangiza imiti, amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa vacuum menshi hamwe n’amavuta yo kwisukura.

 

Isesengura rya mudasobwa

 

Ahandi hantu inganda zitwara abantu zateye intambwe nini ni ugukoresha software yigana. Noneho, kwihanganira imikorere, ubuzima no kwizerwa birashobora kwaguka kurenza ibyagezweho mu myaka icumi ishize udakoze laboratoire itwara igihe kinini cyangwa ibizamini. Isesengura ryambere, rihuriweho nisesengura ryibintu bishobora gutanga ubushishozi butagereranywa mubikorwa byogukora, gushoboza guhitamo neza no kwirinda kunanirwa kubyara imburagihe.

 

Uburyo bunoze bwo kunanirwa mubuzima burashobora kwemerera guhanura neza ibintu nibibazo byumuhanda, guhuza imbavu, guhangayika, no guhuza. Bemerera kandi sisitemu yuzuye gutandukana, gusesengura imizigo no gusesengura nabi. Ibi bizaha abajenjeri amakuru yo guhindura igishushanyo mbonera kugirango bakire neza imihangayiko ituruka kubikorwa byihariye.

 

Iyindi nyungu isobanutse nuko software yigana ishobora kugabanya igihe numutungo wakoreshejwe mugice cyibizamini. Ibi ntabwo byihutisha inzira yiterambere gusa ahubwo binagabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe muribikorwa.

 

Biragaragara ko ibikoresho bishya siyanse yiterambere hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho byo kwigana bizaha injeniyeri ubushishozi busabwa mugushushanya no guhitamo ibyuma bikora neza kandi biramba, nkigice cya sisitemu yose. Gukomeza ubushakashatsi niterambere muri izi nzego bizaba ingenzi mu kwemeza ko imiyoboro ikomeza guhana imbibi mu myaka iri imbere.