amakuru

Imiterere y'ubwikorezi bwa Crankshaft, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, n'uburyo bwo kuyishyigikira

 

I. Ibisabwa ku mikorere n'imikoreshereze yaIbyuma by'ubushyuhe bw'ingufu

Imigozi yo mu bwoko bwa Crankshaft irimo imigozi ihuza imigozi n'imigozi y'ingenzi. Akazi kayo ni ukurinda imigozi n'imigozi ihuza imigozi, kugabanya kwangirika no kwangirika. Ihindura imbaraga za gaze zituruka mu itsinda ry'imigozi ihuza imigozi mo imbaraga zo gusohora hanze. Ikoreshwa kandi mu gutwara moteri ya valve n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye by'inyongera.

 

Ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa: Byose bihangana n'imitwaro isimburana n'ingufu zihuta cyane; bityo, ibikoresho bifasha ubwikorezi bigomba kuba bifite imbaraga zihagije zo kunanirwa, ingufu nke, idashobora kwangirika, kandi bidashobora kwangirika.

 

II. Imiterere yaIbyuma by'ubushyuhe bw'ingufu

 

Inkingi zombi zihuza imigozi n'ingufu z'ingenzi zigizwe n'ibishishwa byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi bifatanye. Buri gishishwa cyo gutwara kigizwe n'icyuma gishyigikira hamwe n'urwego rwa alloy anti-friction, cyangwa icyuma gishyigikira, urwego rwa alloy anti-friction, n'urwego rworoshye rwo gushyiramo. Urwa mbere rwitwa igishishwa cyo gutwara gifite ibyiciro bibiri, naho urwa nyuma rwitwa igishishwa cyo gutwara gifite ibyiciro bitatu.

 

1. Icyuma gifasha mu kurinda uburyaryate n'urutonde rw'icyuma

Inyuma y'icyuma ni ibikoresho by'ibanze by'igishishwa cyo gutwara, gikozwe mu cyuma gifite ubugari bwa mm 1-3 cya karuboni nkeya. Urukuta rurwanya uburyaryate ni aloyine ifite ubugari bwa mm 0.3 ~ 0.7, yoroshye cyane kandi ishobora kurinda agasanduku k'ibikoresho.

 

Ibikoresho byo kurwanya ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'umubiri:

 

(1) Ifu y'umweru (ifu y'imashini ya Babbitt): Ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya gucikagurika, ariko ifite imbaraga nke za mekanike kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ikunze gukoreshwa muri moteri za lisansi zifite imizigo mike.

 

(2) Ifu y'umuringa: Ingufu nyinshi za mekanike, ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwinshi, kandi irwanya ubushyuhe neza. Ikoreshwa cyane muri moteri za mazutu zitwara imizigo myinshi. Ariko, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya uburyaryate buragabanuka.

 

(3) Aloyi ishingiye kuri aluminiyumu: Hari ubwoko butatu: aloyi ya aluminiyumu-antimoni-magnesiyumu, aloyi ya aluminiyumu ifite aluminium nke, na aloyi ya aluminiyumu ifite aluminium nyinshi. Ebyiri za mbere zifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara imizigo, ariko imikorere mibi yo kurwanya uburyaryate. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri moteri za mazutu; iya nyuma ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike n'imikorere yo kurwanya uruziga, kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri moteri za mazutu na lisansi.

 

2. Aho urufunguzo n'umuyoboro w'amavuta bishyirwa

 

Inkingi y'inkoni ihuza ifite urufunguzo rwo kuyishyira mu mwobo wo kuyishyiramo impera nini y'inkoni ihuza n'umupfundikizo w'inkoni ihuza mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho kugira ngo hirindwe ko inkingi igenda igaruka cyangwa izenguruka. Ishyamba ry'inkoni rinafite imyobo y'amavuta n'imyobo y'amavuta, bigomba guhuzwa n'imyobo y'amavuta ijyanye nayo mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho.

 

III.Igipimo cy'umugozi w'ikirengeIngufu n'ingaruka mbi ku muntu

 

1. Ingufu Zigenga: Umwijima w'ubugari bw'igihuru cy'ubugari mu gihe cyacyo cyigenga ni munini gato ugereranyije n'umurambararo w'intebe y'ubugari. Itandukaniro ry'umurambararo ryitwa imbaraga zigenga cyangwa gufungura. Kuri moteri za lisansi, muri rusange ni 0.8 ~ 1.5mm, naho kuri moteri za mazutu, ni 1.5 ~ 2.5mm.

 

2. Uburyo bwo kubangamira: Kubera ko umurambararo w'inyuma w'igiti cyo kurengera ari munini gato ugereranyije n'umuzenguruko w'intebe yo kurengera, havuka uburyo bwo kubangamira nyuma yo gufunga imigozi y'inkoni. Ibi bituma igiti cyo kurengera kidahindukira, kidahinduka, cyangwa ngo gihunge mu gihe cyo gukora, bigatuma habaho guhuza neza hagati y'igiti cyo kurengera n'intebe yo kurengera kugira ngo ubushyuhe bushire. Ubusanzwe uburebure bw'icyuma cyo kurengera ni 0.04 ~ 0.09mm.

 

Igenzura: Nyuma yo gushyira icyuma gikingira ubwiza mu ntebe ikingira ubwiza, shyira ibyuma ku mpande zombi ku muvuduko wagenwe n'uwakoze. Hanyuma, fungura icyuma cyose ku ruhande rumwe hanyuma ukoreshe agakoresho ko kugenzura aho icyuma gikingira ubwiza kiri hagati y'intebe ikingira ubwiza n'icyuma gikingira ubwiza. Iki gice ni cyo gikingira ubwiza. IV. Igikoresho cyo gushyira icyuma gikingira ubwiza ku mpande zombi

 

Imikorere ya Crankshaft Thrust Bearing: Iyo ikinyabiziga kiri mu nzira, pedali ya clutch ishyira axial thrust kuri crankshaft, bigatuma axial igenda. Guhindagurika cyane kwa axial bigira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe ya piston connecting rod assembly kandi bigahungabanya igihe gikwiye cya valve na moteri ya mazutu. Ibyuma bya Thrust birakenewe kugira ngo crankshaft ishyire axial.

 

Ibyuma byo gupfunyika bishobora gushyirwa ahantu hamwe gusa kugira ngo crankshaft ishobore kwaguka neza iyo ishyushye. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi burimo:

 

1. Igikonoshwa cy'icyuma gifatana

 

2. Utwuma two koza two mu bwoko bwa semi-circular

 

3. Utwuma two koza two mu bwoko bwa circular

 

Amabwiriza yo Gushyiraho: Uruhande rw'icyuma gishyushya gifite agace karinda gucikagurika (uruhande rufite umuyoboro w'amavuta) rureba ibice bizenguruka. Iyo crankshaft igiye imbere, icyuma gishyushya inyuma gifata agace kari inyuma; iyo kigiye inyuma, icyuma gishyushya imbere gifata agace kari imbere.

 

Guhindura uburyo bwo gusohora axial: Simbuza utumashini two gusuka dufite ubunini butandukanye, cyangwa uhindure ubunini bw'utumashini two gusuka. (Ubusanzwe ni 0.07 ~ 0.17mm, hamwe n'aho ntarengwa hemewe ya 0.25mm).

 

V. Uburyo bwo gushyigikira Crankshaft

Umugozi w’ikigega ufite agasanduku k’ingenzi hagati ya buri migozi ibiri yegeranye witwa umugozi w’ikigega ushyigikiwe byuzuye; bitabaye ibyo, witwa umugozi w’ikigega ushyigikiwe by’igice.

 

1. Crankshaft ishyigikiwe neza:

 

Ibyiza: Byongera uburimbane bwa crankshaft n'imbaraga zo kunama; bigabanya umutwaro ku mabearings main.

 

Ingaruka mbi: Yongera umubare w'ubuso bwakozwe ku gikoresho cya crankshaft, yongera umubare w'ibyuma binini, kandi yongera uburebure bw'igice cya moteri.

 

Imikoreshereze: Ikoreshwa cyane; moteri za mazutu muri rusange zikoresha ubu buryo bwo gushyigikira.

 

2. Crankshaft ifite igice cy’imbaraga:

 

Ibyiza: Bigabanya uburebure bwa crankshaft, bigabanya uburebure bwa moteri muri rusange.

 

Ingaruka mbi: Bisaba umutwaro mwinshi ku mabearings main.

 

Porogaramu: Moteri za lisansi zifite umutwaro muto zishobora gukoresha ubu buryo.